Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are one of the main dietary components. This category of foods includes sugars, starches, and fiber.
The primary function of carbohydrates is to provide energy for the body, especially the brain and the nervous system. Your liver breaks down carbohydrates into glucose (blood sugar), which is used for energy by the body.
Carbohydrates are classified as simple or complex. The classification depends on the chemical structure of the particular food source and reflects how quickly the sugar is digested and absorbed. Simple carbohydrates have one (single) or two (double) sugars while complex carbohydrates have three or more.
Examples of single sugars from foods include fructose (found in fruits) and galactose (found in milk products). Double sugars include lactose (found in dairy), maltose (found in certain vegetables and in beer), and sucrose (table sugar). Honey is also a double sugar, but unlike table sugar, contains a small amount of vitamins and minerals.
NOTE: honey should not be given to children under 1 year old.
Complex carbohydrates, often referred to as "starchy" foods, include:
whole grain breads and cereals, starchy vegetables,legumes
Simple carbohydrates that contain vitamins and minerals occur naturally in:
fruits, milk and milk products, vegetables
Simple carbohydrates are also found in processed and refined sugars such as:
candy, table sugar, syrups (not natural syrups), regular carbonated beverages
Refined sugars provide calories, but lack vitamins, minerals, and fiber. Such simple sugars are often called "empty calories" and can lead to weight gain. Also, many refined foods, such as white flour, sugar, and polished rice, lack B vitamins and other important nutrients unless they are marked "enriched." It is healthiest to obtain carbohydrates, vitamins, and other nutrients in as natural a form as possible -- for example, from fruit instead of table sugar.
Excessive carbohydrates can cause an increase in the total caloric intake, causing obesity.
Deficient carbohydrates can cause a lack of calories (malnutrition), or excessive intake of fats to make up the calories.
For most people, between 40% and 60% of total calories should come from carbohydrates, preferably from complex carbohydrates (starches) and naturally occurring sugars. Complex carbohydrates provide calories, vitamins, minerals, and fiber.
Foods that are high in processed, refined simple sugars provide calories, but they have few nutritional benefits. It is wise to limit such sugars.
For a healthy diet, replace unhealthy and fattening foods with healthier alternatives, such as fresh fruits and vegetables.
Weight Management
It simply means eating more fiber (can cause bad diarrhea / constipation) or burning up more calories than you need. Eating smaller portions and choosing foods that are low in total fat (as fat is a major contributor to calories), and controlling your intake of carbohydrates are essential to maintaining your desired weight.
Establishing a regular exercise routine and supplementing properly with vitamins is equally important.
If you plan to use a low calorie diet, low sugar diet, or any diet, and you suffer from obesity, you definitely should be examined and monitored by a doctor while dieting.
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The best way to get the daily requirement of 13 essential vitamins is to eat a balanced diet that contains a variety of foods and take "Standardized" (quality) multivitamins.